Representation of Relief Features By Contours: How will a waterfall be represented? Thus the apex of the V points to the higher ground and its arm to the lower ground. The contour point towards the heart of the hill. You already know that a valley is a low-lying area between two hills or ridges, often occupied by a river. The contours showing a ridge are more or less elliptical in shape. A ridge is an elongated hill and has a narrow upland area. So, the top of the plateau is almost flat without contours or has very few contours, whereas its sides are shown by closely spaced contours. Representation of Relief Features By Contours: What about a plateau?Ī plateau is a flat-topped highland rising abruptly above the surrounding region. How do you think a conical hill can be represented? It can be shown with the help of almost concentric contour lines spaced regularly. So now let us see how these represent some common types of relief. The contours which are irregularly placed and show a mixed pattern show irregular slope. The closely and widely spaced contours in an alternate manner show the terraced slope. What do the wider packed contours in the higher elevation and the closer spaced contours in the lower elevation indicate? They indicate convex slope. The closely packed contours in the higher elevation and the wider-spaced contours in the lower elevation show a concave slope. The closely packed contour lines represent a steep slope. The widely spaced contours show a gentle slope. How do Contours represent relief features?īefore understanding how some of the relief features are represented by typical contour patterns, let us understand what basic contour patterns represent. In the latter case, the method of interpolation affects the reliability of individual isolines and their portrayal of slope, pits and peaks.Representation of Relief Features By Contours Contour lines may be either traced on a visible three-dimensional model of the surface, as when a photogrammetrist viewing a stereo-model plots elevation contours, or interpolated from the estimated surface elevations, as when a computer program threads contours through a network of observation points of area centroids. The configuration of these contours allows map readers to infer the relative gradient of a parameter and estimate that parameter at specific places.
A level set is a generalization of a contour line for functions of any number of variables.Ĭontour lines are curved, straight or a mixture of both lines on a map describing the intersection of a real or hypothetical surface with one or more horizontal planes. When the lines are close together the magnitude of the gradient is large: the variation is steep.
The contour interval of a contour map is the difference in elevation between successive contour lines.The gradient of the function is always perpendicular to the contour lines. A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes. More generally, a contour line for a function of two variables is a curve connecting points where the function has the same particular value.In cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level. It is a plane section of the three-dimensional graph of the function Wikipedia Rate this definition: 0.0 / 0 votesĪ contour line (also isoline, isopleth, or isarithm) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal value.
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